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- Mongolia » International Dialing code: 00 976 (note: you can ignore the double zero and just use a plus + sign before the number)
- Mongolia » Airports: 46 (2004 est.)
- Mongolia » Airports - with paved runways: total: 15 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
- Mongolia » Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 31 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
- Mongolia » Capital: Ulaanbaatar
- Mongolia » Currency (code): togrog/tugrik (MNT)
- Mongolia » Economy - overview: Economic activity in Mongolia has traditionally been based on herding and agriculture. Mongolia has extensive mineral deposits; copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession due to political inaction and natural disasters, as well as economic growth due to reform embracing free-market economics and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. Severe winters and summer droughts in 2000, 2001, and 2002 resulted in massive livestock die-off and zero or negative GDP growth. This was compounded by falling prices for Mongolia's primary sector exports and widespread opposition to privatization. Growth improved from 2002 at 4% to 2003 at 5%, due largely to high copper prices and new gold production, with the government claiming a 10.6% growth rate for 2004 that is unconfirmed. Mongolia's economy continues to be heavily impacted by its neighbors. For example, Mongolia purchases 80% of its petroleum products and a substantial amount of electric power from Russia, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. China is Mongolia's chief export partner and a main source of the "shadow" or "grey" economy. The World Bank and other international financial institutions estimate the grey economy to be at least equal to that of the official economy. The actual size of this grey - largely cash - economy is difficult to calculate since the money does not pass through the hands of tax authorities or the banking sector. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad both legally and illegally constitute a sizeable portion. Money laundering is growing as an accompanying concern. Mongolia settled its $11 billion debt with Russia at the end of 2003 on very favorable terms. Mongolia, which joined the World Trade Organization in 1997, seeks to expand its participation and integration into Asian regional economic and trade regimes.
- Mongolia » Flag description: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)
- Mongolia » Heliports: 2 (2004 est.)
- Mongolia » Highways (km): total: 49,256 km paved: 8,874 km unpaved: 40,376 km (2002)
- Mongolia » Internet country code: .mn
- Mongolia » Internet hosts: 1,000 (2004)
- Mongolia » Internet users: 220,000 (2004)
- Mongolia » Map references: Asia
- Mongolia » National holiday: Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
- Mongolia » Radio broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 62, shortwave 3 (2004)
- Mongolia » Railways (km): total: 1,810 km broad gauge: 1,810 km 1.524-m gauge (2004)
- Mongolia » Telephone system: general assessment: network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas domestic: very low density of about 6.5 telephones for each thousand persons; two wireless providers cover all but two provinces international: country code - 976; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region)
- Mongolia » Telephones - main lines in use: 142,300 (2004)
- Mongolia » Telephones - mobile cellular: 404,400 (2004)
- Mongolia » Television broadcast stations: 52 (plus 21 provincial repeaters and many low power repeaters) (2004)
- Mongolia » Waterways (km): 580 km note: only waterway in operation is Lake Khovsgol (135 km); Selenge River (270 km) and Orkhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from May to September (2004)
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